地震后灾区水质安全问题
地震后地下水环境污染问题
Earthquakes are a significant threat to public safety and
welfare over many parts of the world.
地面水源污染：Earthquakes affect hazardous wastes management facilities because they
can damage structures that hold wastes and result in accidental releases to
groundwater（污水，废水系统泄漏）. Damage can result from movement of large pieces of
ground or, more commonly, groundshaking. Because structures that hold hazardous
waste (landfills, ponds, or lagoous) are often made of soil and rock, they can
be damaged by earthquake activity. Structures above the ground, such as tanks
and incinerators can also be damaged, toppled, or
destroyed（垃圾场、填埋场、池塘、危险品，有毒有害物质转运站等损坏）.
Locating hazardous waste management facilities in certain areas – because of
their soil, terrain,groundwater, or weather condition – may pose significant
risks of releases and possible exposures to human and the environment.
浅地下水污染:A major cause of shallow groundwater contamination is effluent, or outflow from septic tanks,cesspools and privies（粪坑、污水坑等溢流或泄漏）.
深地下水污染：Deep groundwater is polluted by underground storage
tanks. Millions underground storage tanks are used to store a variety of
materials, including gasoline, fuel oil, and numerous
chemicals（汽油，燃料油，化学品仓库及其它各种仓库受损泄漏）.
A particularly dangerous source for deep groundwater contamination is the
disposal of nuclear waste（核污染）, if adequate measures are not designed and
implemented.
Facilities constructed on unstable ground are at greater risk for landslides,
which could cause accidental hazardous waste releases.
参考文献:Groundwater related environmental problems after an earthquake
地表水污染问题
破坏性地震后必然有大量污水设施溢流或泄露, 化肥池塘破裂，有毒化学品仓储破坏泄漏，会直接污染地表水源;
大量尸体腐烂, 粪便 经过雨水冲刷携带各种细菌有可能进入水源地。
在市政供水恢复正常前，政府部门应注意组织供应家用消毒剂。
饮用水注意事项
市政服务系统，饮用水供应恢复以前，大家可以利用各种瓶罐储藏好饮用水、作饭用水，洗刷用水，起码的卫生用水，包括宠物用水。直接接取雨水，或到地理位置较高的水源取水储备。注意用干净容器储存，一般可以备用6个月左右。不要用盛食品的容器，牛奶罐等粘有容易腐烂东西的容器存水。
取水时不要取有异常颜色的水，或有异味的水。
饮用水时最好煮沸1-3分钟后再用。洗澡水，特别是儿童用水最好能用漂白粉或其它推荐消毒剂事先进行消毒处理。
灾后疫情比地震直接伤害更为可怕的事情，大多来源于水源污染，提供干净的水源甚至比现场抢救更为严峻。